"Metal God" is the nickname of Rob Halford, the man Owens replaced. To hammer the point home, the working title of the film (seen on the clapper on outtakes on the DVD) was Metal God.
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She overcomes her addiction when she realizes she has agreed to go on a virtual date within the game with Howard. This likely resulted from frustration with her life at that point, believing herself to be a failure in most aspects of her life. After Sheldon introduces her to the online role-playing game Age of Conan, Penny becomes addicted to the point of ignoring her friends, hygiene, general appearance and job, pestering Sheldon incessantly for gaming advice. I wear dorky glasses, you might have a problem, it's all for laughs." Penny: "That would really piss me off if I didn't have a buzz going on." Nerd traits Ī number of episodes depict Penny's assimilation of nerd culture through her time spent with the men, and has quoted some science fiction shows (like Star Trek) and movies ( Star Wars). Leonard: "I'm not sure it's a great idea to take Penny to where wine comes from. In " The Intimacy Acceleration", Sheldon asks her, "If you could wake up tomorrow having gained any one quality or ability, what would it be?" Penny replies, "Well, not to steal from the Bible, but turning water into wine sounds pretty good." Then, in " The Locomotive Manipulation", Leonard declines Amy's suggestion that the group spends a weekend in Napa Valley, leading to this exchange: In " The Flaming Spittoon Acquisition", while spending the evening with Bernadette and Amy, Penny observes that they have finished the bottle of wine, and when Bernadette and Amy point out that they consumed only half a glass and no wine at all, respectively, Penny snaps, "Okay, don't judge me! So, what do you want to do, go to the movies, go dancing, lay down for a little bit?" At the end of that episode, she passes out while the three of them play Twister, and when Bernadette initially fails to revive her, she says "Penny, we're out of wine", which manages to wake Penny. Īnother recurring personality trait is her ability to consume large amounts of alcohol, especially wine. She attempts to make amends with a classmate she tormented, and although she does her best, she sees little success. In the fifth-season episode "The Speckerman Recurrence", Penny is revealed to have unknowingly been a bully while in school. In season seven, her car engine fails and she receives a new car from Leonard. She also hit a Mercedes in a parking lot and knocked the side-view mirror off of Bernadette's car not leaving a note in either incident. She is known to ignore her check engine light and has left her passenger side wing mirror in a parking lot somewhere in Hollywood after trying to park her car. Penny's poor driving ability and failure to maintain her vehicle are acknowledged throughout the series. When expressing feelings of anger or frustration, other characters have compared her to The Hulk, a "rabid wolverine", and "killer robots". It is revealed in later seasons that Penny has continued her education, taking both an acting and a psychology class. She initially performs terribly in her college classes. In season six, she returns to college, taking a history class and hiding it from the rest of the group. Having dropped out of community college prior to the start of the series, she is the only regular character with less education than Howard Wolowitz, who has a master's degree. She is messy, disorganized, and highly irresponsible (both personally and financially). She is knowledgeable about popular culture. In contrast to the rest of the group, Penny is neither well-educated nor savvy in a specific field and is generally somewhat dim-witted, but she has great social skills and is more streetwise than her neighbors. She has full confidence in pseudoscientific concepts such as horoscopes, psychics, and Voodoo, which has led to repeated mocking from both Sheldon and Leonard along with criticisms of their accuracy. She is a Sagittarius, born on December 2. Penny is originally from a small town outside of Omaha, Nebraska. But the character developed into a more complex individual with high emotional intelligence, social skills, and work ethic. In the show's early seasons, Penny was portrayed as a young woman who was out of Leonard's intellectual league. Marisa Tomei, Tara Reid, Elizabeth Berkley, and Jodi Lyn O'Keefe were all also considered for the role. Because of this, the character was changed, and the role was recast. However, the test audiences reacted to the character negatively, seeing her as too mean. Sheldon and Leonard would "approach her with honesty, to draw the real, sensitive Katie out". She was called Katie, and was envisioned as "a street-hardened, tough-as-nails woman with a vulnerable interior". In the original, unaired pilot of The Big Bang Theory, the conception of the female lead was very different. The thing that keeps me from LastPass is their corporate ownership: GoTo Inc. Among those, it’s a matter of personal choice. The good news is that I don’t believe you can go far wrong by choosing one of the password managers I’ve mentioned above. Much like exercise and my advice on backing up, the best password manager is the password manager you’ll actually use. As I said, there are over 200 alternatives - too many to list or even form an opinion on.) But which one is best? (If you have a password manager you love that I haven’t mentioned, don’t take it as a slight. While they’re not on the list of password managers I’d immediately jump to myself, these have good reputations. In reviewing that list, a couple of additional entries also feel reasonable. I’m sure many are just fine, while others are too new to have developed a track record. Others with good reputationĪ lists over 200 alternatives to 1Password for password management. If this matters to you, it’s probably the first decision I would make when choosing a password vault. There are an assortment of approaches that make your information available in many places, including placing your database on your own server, in cloud storage services like Dropbox or OneDrive, or keeping it on a thumb drive. KeePass is an example of a tool that does not use server-based storage. That means you can fire up their tool anywhere, and a copy of your vault is downloaded and made available to you once you’ve submitted your master password.Įven though the information is securely encrypted, and thus completely useless to hackers if they could get a copy of it, this makes some people uncomfortable. Most password vaults store your information encrypted online. That last item - the different storage model - is worth discussing since some folks find it an important distinction. A free, open-source alternative that uses a different storage model than most others. It’s probably the alternative I see most commonly recommended by my readers, and looks to be a very worthy equivalent. If for some reason I could not use 1Password, I would investigate and probably switch to one of these alternatives. While there is no free version, the paid version is quite worth it. To quote the old credit card commercial: it’s everywhere I want to be.īesides passwords, I use it to automatically fill in credit card information when I make online purchases, and I use the secure notes feature to keep additional free-form information. It works on all the platforms I care about, including all my browsers, Windows, Mac, Android, and iPad. I switched to it after the 2022 LastPass breach. I’ll cut to the chase and mention 1Password. You can read more about that breach and what I believe you need to do ( or not do) as a result, in LastPass Breach 2022: My Recommendation. Their 2022 breach was, unfortunately, the tipping point and caused me to change my recommendation. If you haven't already, sign up for a Cornell LastPass account.I didn’t plan to update this article so quickly, but LastPass forced my hand. LastPass also offers an online password generator tool to instantly create secure, random passwords anytime at your convenience. You can either accept or choose to create your own password. With this feature turned on, whenever LastPass senses that you are signing up for a new online account, it will offer to create a random password for you. LastPass helps you generate a strong, unique password for every online account.Ĭlick the LastPass icon in your browser's toolbar, then select Preferences.Ĭheck/uncheck Offer to Generate Secure Passwords. Reusing passwords makes you much less secure and more vulnerable to account compromise. A very important security principle is to always use a different password for each account you create. Whenever you sign up for a new account on a website or app, you are asked to create a password. Crocks also contained the household soda and beer inventory.Įven without a finish glaze, these durable and affordable vessels were watertight. Examples included salted meats, butter, jelly, grain, and pickled vegetables. Historical UsesĪntique stoneware crocks often stored foods and beverages. In fact, this utilitarian crockery has taken up residence in countless American kitchens over the generations. Uses of Antique CrocksĪntique stoneware crocks have enjoyed many varied uses. Blue, brown, and purple were common color options. Although the glaze is generally colorless, coloring the salt produced a glaze with a colorful effect. The salt’s sodium reacted with the clay’s silica to create a glassy coating. During the high-temperature firing sequence, he tossed salt into the kiln to create the glazing effect on the crock. These effects might give the crock more decorative value. Very old crocks feature etched designs filled in with a blue-toned substance.Īlthough simple lines and patterns are common in early-era pieces, early 1900s crocks have just a touch of art deco styling. A hand-painted cobalt blue design is a common decorative element. Birds, butterflies, dragonflies, animals, and trees were also popular motifs. Artisans often painted floral designs on early crocks. Following the crock’s formation, the artisan applied blue decorative effects to the stoneware vessel. Cobalt Blue DesignsĪn artisan was responsible for hand-making each antique crock. Hand-painted embellishments include flowers, animals, and specific motifs or patterns. Under the glassy finish, the crock features hand-drawn or stenciled letters and numbers. Each stoneware crock displays a shiny-looking surface that results from the salt glazing process. Antique stoneware crocks generally feature a gray or brown salt glaze with cobalt blue decorations.Īntique crocks have a distinctive appearance. Because the definition is so vague, stoneware can be sourced from numerous clays and can appear in diverse colors and textures. Stoneware describes a clay that has a waterproof rating of under two percent. Stoneware Crock Construction and Appearance Several New England states, along with Ohio, jumped on the stoneware bandwagon circa the late 19th century.By the early 20th century, many American households owned stoneware crocks. Eventually, cost and market competition spurred American potters to fire up their kilns.ĭuring the early 19th century, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania produced most stoneware pottery in the United States. Stoneware crocks appear to have originally come from France.Through the American Revolutionary War, England and Germany were the main importers of stoneware crocks. History of Antique CrocksĮarthenware pots, crocks, and jars have a long and colorful history. Learn how to determine an antique crock’s value, how to tell an original stoneware crock from a reproduction, and where to find antique crocks for your home. Estate sale shoppers love to discover these sturdy containers that were a mainstay of kitchens from the 1700s through the early 20th century. Antique stoneware crocks are an intriguing slice of Americana. If you have sensitive eyes, there’s no need to worry even if this liner gets smudged into your eye, the ophthalmologist-tested formula won’t cause any damage. Intensely pigmented, the liner is available in three neutral shades of brown and two different hues of black. With a simple, no-nonsense design, this liquid eyeliner from L’Oreal Paris has a high-quality formula and a standard construction that can work wonders for ladies who know their way around a traditional liquid eyeliner brush. Liquid Eyeliners Reviews 10. L’Oreal Paris Lineur Intense Brush Tip Liquid Eyeliner Keep reading the liquid eyeliner reviews to learn more about the top-rated best liquid eyeliners that are currently available. When buying liquid eyeliner, however, it is important to invest in a high-quality formula that glides on easily and won’t skip, run, bleed, or fade throughout the day. stila Stay All Day Waterproof Liquid Eye Liner (Editor’s Choice) NYX Cosmetics Collection Noir Liquid Liner MEXI Makeup Waterproof Leopard Shell Liquid Eyeliner Maybelline New York Eye Studio Master Precise Liquid Eyeliner L’Oreal Paris Extra-Intense Liquid Pencil Eyeliner L’Oreal Paris Lineur Intense Brush Tip Liquid Eyeliner “They are softer than black and often more wearable,” she adds. “Black is great if you’re looking for a dramatic look,” says Paley, who also suggests brown and a deep plum as good staple shadew. While there was a time when liquid eyeliners came only in black and browns, the market is currently flooded with a rainbow of colors and finishes ranging from iridescent and glittery to satin and matte. However, she says, “if it’s not very pigmented, you can apply multiple layers of the liquid liner or top it with an eye shadow to up the intensity and make it last longer.” Color While some liquid eyeliners are deep, inky and more vibrant, Paley tells us that not all formulas share the same level of pigment or intensity. Instead, use the liquid on the skin around your eye and stick to a pencil when you’re darkening the waterline. It can leak into your eye and temporarily dye the area. If you’re new to liquid liners, it’s important to note that they’re not intended to be used on the waterline. Unlike creamy or hard pencils, these formulas are wet and thin and made to build intensity with each stroke. Liquid eyeliners are designed to create a bolder, more precise look than you can get with a pencil liner. For more advanced makeup users, brush applicators are more precise and can create endless shapes and variety in line thicknesses. A felt-tip liner is a good choice for beginners because it gives you more control. Both can be great for achieving a multitude of looks, so choosing between the two is more of a personal preference. The two most common eyeliner applicator types are built-in bristles, which have individual hairs that make up a paintbrush-style tip, or a felt tip, which looks a lot like a craft marker. Makeup artist Deanna Paley who has worked with the likes of Becky G, Sza and Saweetie says, “When choosing a liquid eyeliner, you mainly want to consider how pigmented, long-lasting, and easy to use the product is.” Applicator The one that works best for you depends on your makeup goals, personal style and skill level. The pool of liquid eyeliner is vast and packed with options that include all kinds of applicators, formulations, colors and finishes. Contributor What To Consider In A Liquid Eyeliner The IBM 7030 was completed in 1961 and despite not meeting the challenge of a hundredfold increase in performance, it was purchased by the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The IBM 7030 used transistors, magnetic core memory, pipelined instructions, prefetched data through a memory controller and included pioneering random access disk drives. The IBM 7030 was built by IBM for the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which in 1955 had requested a computer 100 times faster than any existing computer. Also, among the first supercomputers was the IBM 7030 Stretch. It still used high-speed drum memory, rather than the newly emerging disk drive technology. In 1960, UNIVAC built the Livermore Atomic Research Computer (LARC), today considered among the first supercomputers, for the US Navy Research and Development Center. A Cray-1 preserved at the Deutsches Museum Each arm of the machine had up to four such racks. Behind the system console are two of the "arms" of the plus-sign shaped cabinet with the covers opened. Main article: History of supercomputing A circuit board from the IBM 7030 The CDC 6600. In June 2018, all combined supercomputers on the TOP500 list broke the 1 exaFLOPS mark. The US has five of the top 10 China has two Japan, Finland, and France have one each. As of May 2022, the fastest supercomputer on the TOP500 supercomputer list is Frontier, in the US, with a LINPACK benchmark score of 1.102 ExaFlop/s, followed by Fugaku. Japan made major strides in the field in the 1980s and 90s, with China becoming increasingly active in the field. The US has long been the leader in the supercomputer field, first through Cray's almost uninterrupted dominance of the field, and later through a variety of technology companies. From then until today, massively parallel supercomputers with tens of thousands of off-the-shelf processors became the norm. Vector computers remained the dominant design into the 1990s. A notable example is the highly successful Cray-1 of 1976. In the 1970s, vector processors operating on large arrays of data came to dominate. Through the decade, increasing amounts of parallelism were added, with one to four processors being typical. The first such machines were highly tuned conventional designs that ran more quickly than their more general-purpose contemporaries. Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s, and for several decades the fastest was made by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), Cray Research and subsequent companies bearing his name or monogram. They have been essential in the field of cryptanalysis. Supercomputers play an important role in the field of computational science, and are used for a wide range of computationally intensive tasks in various fields, including quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, climate research, oil and gas exploration, molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), and physical simulations (such as simulations of the early moments of the universe, airplane and spacecraft aerodynamics, the detonation of nuclear weapons, and nuclear fusion). Additional research is being conducted in the United States, the European Union, Taiwan, Japan, and China to build faster, more powerful and technologically superior exascale supercomputers. Since November 2017, all of the world's fastest 500 supercomputers run on Linux-based operating systems. For comparison, a desktop computer has performance in the range of hundreds of gigaFLOPS (10 11) to tens of teraFLOPS (10 13). Since 2017, there have existed supercomputers which can perform over 10 17 FLOPS (a hundred quadrillion FLOPS, 100 petaFLOPS or 100 PFLOPS). The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second ( FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS). Computing power of the top 1 supercomputer each year, measured in FLOPSĪ supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer "Intrepid" at Argonne National Laboratory runs 164,000 processor cores using normal data center air conditioning, grouped in 40 racks/cabinets connected by a high-speed 3D torus network. For other uses, see Supercomputer (disambiguation). |
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